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* * * XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML. * * * ## XHTML Tutorial To learn how to convert your website to XHTML, please read our (#). * * * ## XHTML Versions ### XHTML 1.0 As a W3C Recommendation, XHTML 1.0 was released on January 26, 2000. ### XHTML 1.0 Revision As a W3C Recommendation, XHTML 1.0 Second Edition was released on August 1, 2002. It is not a new version, but an update and bug fix. ### XHTML 1.1 As a W3C Recommendation, XHTML 1.1 was released on May 31, 2001. ### XHTML 1.1 Second Edition As a W3C Recommendation, XHTML 1.1 (SE) was released on November 23, 2010. * * * ## About XHTML 1.0 XHTML 1.0 is the first major change to HTML since 1997 and is a very important step towards providing richer web pages to a wider range of user agents, including desktop computers, mobile devices, and phones. XHTML is an XML application that allows for a smooth migration from HTML 4.01. W3C's first step in restructuring HTML 4.01 into XML led to the creation of XHTML 1.0. XHTML 1.0 relies on the semantics provided by HTML 4.01 tags. The next step is to modularize XHTML into smaller sets of elements, making it easier to combine XHTML with other markup languages (such as vector graphics and multimedia). At the same time, XHTML modularization can also reduce development costs, improve interoperability with other applications (such as databases), make communication with different user agents (browsers) easier, and allow for cleaner integration between HTML and different XML standards. * * * ## W3C XHTML Activity ### XHTML 1.0 XHTML 1.0 is a re-presentation of HTML 4.01 using XML. To learn more about XHTML, please visit our (#). ### XHTML 1.1 (Modularized XHTML) Small devices (such as mobile phones) cannot support the full functionality of XHTML. XHTML 1.1 divides the specification into modules with limited functionality. Small browsers can reduce their complexity by supporting selected modules (however, once a module is selected, all its features must be supported). XHTML 1.1 is a strict language. XHTML 1.1 is not backward compatible with HTML 4. ### XHTML Basic XHTML Basic is a small subset of XHTML 1.1. It only includes basic XHTML features, such as text structure, images, basic forms, and basic tables. It is designed for small browsers (such as those in handheld devices). ### XHTML Events Due to support for the W3C Document Object Model Level 2 in XHTML, event handlers can be attached to XHTML elements, allowing parent elements to handle events before or after child elements. To learn more about DOM, please study our (#). ### XHTML Print XHTML-Print is part of XHTML 1.1 (Modularized XHTML). XHTML-Print is designed for mobile devices and inexpensive printers, which typically print a page from start to finish without a print buffer and with a device-specific print driver. ### XForms Through XHTML forms, users can access a page, add information to it, and then submit the page to a web server. XForms is the successor to HTML forms, providing a more complete and presentation-independent way of handling web interaction transactions. Since it is designed to integrate with XHTML, we expect future e-commerce applications to require XForms. ### XHTML Modularization XHTML modularization refers to dividing XHTML 1.0 into a collection of small modules that provide specific functionality. The modularization of XHTML 1.0 is achieved using XML DTDs (Document Type Definitions). The modularization of XHTML 2.0 is achieved using XML Schemas. To learn more about DTDs, please study our (#). To learn more about XML Schemas, please study our (#). ### XHTML 2.0 XHTML 2.0 is the next generation of markup language. Its functionality is expected to be similar to XHTML 1.1, but may be changed to comply with XML standard requirements, such as XML Linking and XML Schema. ### XLink XLink is a language for creating hyperlinks in XML documents. XLink is similar to HTML links - but provides more powerful support for simple links (like HTML) and extended links (for linking multiple resources together). You can learn more about XLink in our (#). ### HLink HLink adds the ability to specify which elements in XHTML can represent hyperlinks and how to traverse hyperlinks. HLink is an extension of XLink. * * * ## W3C HTML Specifications and Timeline | Specification | Draft/Proposal | Recommendation | | --- | --- | --- | | [XHTML 1.0](http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/ "XHTML 1_0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)") | | January 26, 2000 | | [XHTML 1.0 Revision](http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/ "XHTML 1_0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)") | | August 1, 2002 | | [XHTML 1.1](http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/ "XHTML 1_1 - Module-based XHTML - Second Edition") | | May 31, 2001 | | (http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410/ "Modularization of XHTML") | | April 10, 2001 | | [XHTML Modules 1.1](http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/ "XHTML Modularization 1_1") | | October 8, 2008 | | (http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xhtml-basic-20001219/ "XHTML Basic") | | December 19, 2000 | | [XHTML Basic 1.1](http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/ "XHTML Basic 1_1") | | July 29, 2008 | | (http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xml-events-20031014/ "XML Events") | | October 14, 2003 | | (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-print/ "XHTML-Print") | | September 20, 2006 | | [XHTML Media Types (SE)](http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types/ "XHTML Media Types - Second Edition") | January 16, 2009 | | | [XHTML 2.0](http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml2/ "XHTML 2_0") | July 26, 2006 | | | [XForms 1.0](http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xforms-20031014/ "XForms 1_0") | | October 14, 2003 | | [XForms 1.0 (Third Edition)](http://www.w3.org/TR/xforms/ "XForms 1_0 (Third Edition)") | | October 29, 2007 | | [XForms 1.1](http://www.w3.org/TR/xforms11/ "XForms 1.1") | October 20, 2009 | | | (http://www.w3.org/TR/xlink/ "XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1_0") | | June 27, 2001 | | (http://www.w3.org/TR/hlink/ "HLink Link recognition for the XHTML Family") | September 13, 2002 | | * * * ## W3C Reference Manual: (http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/ "W3C XHTML2 Working Group Home Page")