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Image is the core module of the Pillow library, providing basic image processing functionality. The following are the most commonly used methods in the Image module and their descriptions: | Method | Description | Example | | --- | --- | --- | | `Image.open(fp, mode='r')` | Open and identify image file | `img = Image.open('image.jpg')` | | `Image.new(mode, size, color=0)` | Create new image | `new_img = Image.new('RGB', (500, 500), 'blue')` | | `Image.save(fp, format=None, **params)` | Save image | `img.save('output.png')` | | `Image.show(title=None, command=None)` | Display image | `img.show()` | | `Image.resize(size, resample=None, box=None)` | Resize image | `img.resize((200, 200))` | | `Image.rotate(angle, resample=0, expand=0)` | Rotate image | `img.rotate(45)` | | `Image.crop(box=None)` | Crop image | `img.crop((100, 100, 400, 400))` | | `Image.paste(im, box=None, mask=None)` | Paste image | `img.paste(logo, (50, 50))` | | `Image.convert(mode, matrix=None, dither=None)` | Convert image mode | `img.convert('L')` | | `Image.filter(filter)` | Apply filter | `img.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)` | | `Image.copy()` | Copy image | `copy = img.copy()` | | `Image.thumbnail(size)` | Create thumbnail | `img.thumbnail((100, 100))` | | `Image.getpixel(xy)` | Get pixel value | `pixel = img.getpixel((50, 50))` | | `Image.putpixel(xy, value)` | Set pixel value | `img.putpixel((50, 50), (255, 0, 0))` | | `Image.split()` | Split channels | `r, g, b = img.split()` | | `Image.merge(mode, bands)` | Merge channels | `Image.merge('RGB', (r, g, b))` | * * * ## 3. Common Attributes In addition to methods, Image objects also have some important attributes: | Attribute | Description | Example | | --- | --- | --- | | `format` | Image format | `print(img.format)` | | `size` | Image size (width, height) | `print(img.size)` | | `width` | Image width | `print(img.width)` | | `height` | Image height | `print(img.height)` | | `mode` | Image mode | `print(img.mode)` | | `info` | Image related information dictionary | `print(img.info)` | * * * ## Practical Application Examples ### Basic Image Operations ## Example from PIL import Image # Open image img = Image.open('example.jpg') # Display image information print(f"Format: {img.format}, Size: {img.size}, Mode: {img.mode}") # Resize and save resized_img = img.resize((300,300)) resized_img.save('resized_example.jpg') # Convert to grayscale gray_img = img.convert('L') gray_img.save('gray_example.jpg') ### Image Processing ## Example from PIL import Image, ImageFilter img = Image.open('example.jpg') # Apply blur filter blurred = img.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR) blurred.save('blurred.jpg') # Apply contour filter contour = img.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR) contour.save('contour.jpg') # Rotate image rotated = img.rotate(45, expand=True) rotated.save('rotated.jpg') * * * ## Advanced Features ### Image Composition ## Example from PIL import Image # Open two images img1 = Image.open('background.jpg') img2 = Image.open('foreground.png') # Ensure both images have the same size img2 = img2.resize(img1.size) # Composite images (assuming foreground.png has transparency channel) composite = Image.alpha_composite(img1.convert('RGBA'), img2.convert('RGBA')) composite.save('composite.png') ### Batch Processing ## Example import os from PIL import Image input_dir ='input_images/' output_dir ='output_images/' if not os.path.exists(output_dir): os.makedirs(output_dir) for filename in os.listdir(input_dir): if filename.endswith('.jpg'): img = Image.open(os.path.join(input_dir, filename)) # Convert to grayscale and save gray_img = img.convert('L') gray_img.save(os.path.join(output_dir, f"gray_{filename}"))