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# PHP File Handling * * * The fopen() function is used to open files in PHP. * * * ## Opening a File The fopen() function is used to open files in PHP. The first parameter of this function contains the name of the file to be opened, and the second parameter specifies which mode to use when opening the file: Files can be opened in the following modes: | Mode | Description | | :--- | :--- | | r | Read only. Starts at the beginning of the file. | | r+ | Read/Write. Starts at the beginning of the file. | | w | Write only. Opens and clears the contents of the file; creates a new file if the file does not exist. | | w+ | Read/Write. Opens and clears the contents of the file; creates a new file if the file does not exist. | | a | Append. Opens and writes to the end of the file; creates a new file if the file does not exist. | | a+ | Read/Append. Preserves file content by writing to the end of the file. | | x | Write only. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if the file already exists. | | x+ | Read/Write. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if the file already exists. | **Note:** If the fopen() function is unable to open the specified file, it returns 0 (false). ### Example The following example generates a message if the fopen() function is unable to open the specified file: * * * ## Closing a File The fclose() function is used to close an open file: * * * ## Checking End-of-File (EOF) The feof() function checks if the end-of-file (EOF) has been reached. The feof() function is useful when looping through data of unknown length. **Note:** You cannot read files in w, a, and x modes! if (feof($file)) echo "End of file"; * * * ## Reading a File Line by Line The fgets() function is used to read a single line from a file. **Note:** After calling this function, the file pointer moves to the next line. ### Example The following example reads a file line by line until the end of the file is reached: <?php $file = fopen("welcome.txt", "r") or exit("Unable to open file!"); // Output each line of the file until the end is reached while(!feof($file)) { echo fgets($file). "
"; } fclose($file); ?> * * * ## Reading a File Character by Character The fgetc() function is used to read a single character from a file. **Note:** After calling this function, the file pointer moves to the next character. ### Example The following example reads a file character by character until the end of the file is reached: * * * ## PHP Filesystem Reference For a complete reference of PHP filesystem functions, please visit our (#). [](#)(#) (#)[](#) ## 2 Notes Write a Note 1. #0 Vladimir 137***4241@qq.com [](