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# Linux od Command [ Linux Command Manual](#) The Linux `od` command is used to output file contents. The `od` command reads the content of a given file and presents it in octal characters. ### Syntax od [file...] **Parameters**: * `-a` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-ta" simultaneously. * `-A` Select the radix for calculating characters. * `-b` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-toC" simultaneously. * `-c` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-tC" simultaneously. * `-d` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-tu2" simultaneously. * `-f` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-tfF" simultaneously. * `-h` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-tx2" simultaneously. * `-i` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-td2" simultaneously. * `-j` or `--skip-bytes=` Skip the specified number of bytes. * `-l` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-td4" simultaneously. * `-N` or `--read-bytes=` Read only up to the specified number of bytes. * `-o` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-to2" simultaneously. * `-s` or `--strings=` Only display strings of at least the specified number of characters. * `-t` or `--format=` Set the output format. * `-v` or `--output-duplicates` Do not omit repeated data when outputting. * `-w` or `--width=` Set the maximum number of characters per column. * `-x` This parameter has the same effect as specifying "-h" simultaneously. * `--help` Online help. * `--version` Display version information. ### Examples Create the `tmp` file: $ echo abcdef g > tmp $ cat tmp abcdef g Use the `od` command: $ od -b tmp 0000000 141 142 143 144 145 146 040 147 0120000011 Use single-byte octal interpretation for output. Note that the default address format on the left is in octal bytes: $ od -c tmp 0000000 a b c d e f g n 0000011 Use ASCII codes for output, which include escape characters: $ od -t d1 tmp 0000000 97 98 99 100 101 102 32 103 100000011 Use single-byte decimal interpretation: $ od -A d -c tmp 0000000 a b c d e f g n 0000009 [ Linux Command Manual](#)