```html HTML Character Entities | Novice Tutorial

HTML Character Entities | Novice Tutorial

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HTML Character Entities

In HTML, some characters are reserved. For example, the less-than sign (<) and greater-than sign (>) are used to define HTML tags. If you want to display these reserved characters correctly, you must use character entities in the HTML source code.

Character entities are referenced in three ways:

Entity name: &entity_name; (e.g., < displays <)
Entity number (decimal): &#number; (e.g., < displays <)
Entity number (hexadecimal): &#xnumber; (e.g., < displays <)

Note: Although entity names are easier to remember, not all browsers support the latest entity names. Entity numbers, on the other hand, are more widely supported.

Commonly Used HTML Character Entities

Display Result	Description	Entity Name	Entity Number
<	less-than	<	<
>	greater-than	>	>
&	ampersand	&	&
"	double quotation mark	"	"
'	single quotation mark (apostrophe)	'	'
¢	cent	¢	¢
£	pound	£	£
¥	yen	¥	¥
€	euro	€	€
©	copyright	©	©
®	registered trademark	®	®
	non-breaking space

More complete entity references can be found in the HTML Entity Reference Manual.

Non-breaking Space (nbsp)

A non-breaking space ( ) is a space that will not break into a new line. Two words separated by a non-breaking space will stay together on the same line. This is useful when you do not want a line break to occur (e.g., between a number and its unit).

Example: 10 km/h

Using Character Entities in HTML

To display a less-than sign in a paragraph, use the following code:

<p>The less-than sign: &lt; </p>

The above code will display: The less-than sign: <

Important Note

When writing HTML, always use character entities for the following characters to avoid parsing errors: <, >, &, ", and '. In attribute values, double quotes should be escaped as " and single quotes as '.

Example of escaping attribute:

<a href="#" title="He said &quot;Hello&quot;">Link</a>

Browser Compatibility

All modern browsers support character entities. However, entity names introduced in newer versions of HTML may not be recognized by older browsers. For maximum compatibility, use decimal or hexadecimal entity numbers.

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Html Entities