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[![Image 1: PHP String Reference Manual]( PHP String Reference Manual]( ## Example Convert some characters to HTML entities: "; echo htmlentities($str); ?> The HTML output of the above code is as follows (view source code): <© W3CSçh°°¦§> The browser output of the above code is as follows: <© W3CSçh°°¦§> [Run Example »]( * * * ## Definition and Usage The htmlentities() function converts characters to HTML entities. **Tip:** To convert HTML entities back to characters, use the [html_entity_decode()]( function. **Tip:** Use the [get_html_translation_table()]( function to return the translation table used by htmlentities(). * * * ## Syntax htmlentities(_string,flags,character-set,double\_encode_) | Parameter | Description | | --- | --- | | _string_ | Required. Specifies the string to be converted. | | _flags_ | Optional. Specifies how to handle quotes, invalid encoding, and which document type to use. Available quote types: * ENT_COMPAT - Default. Encodes only double quotes. * ENT_QUOTES - Encodes double and single quotes. * ENT_NOQUOTES - Does not encode any quotes. Invalid encoding: * ENT_IGNORE - Ignores invalid encoding instead of having the function return an empty string. Should be avoided as much as possible, as this may affect security. * ENT_SUBSTITUTE - Replaces invalid encoding with a specified Unicode replacement character U+FFFD (UTF-8) or &#FFFD; instead of returning an empty string. * ENT_DISALLOWED - Replaces invalid code points in the specified document type with Unicode replacement character U+FFFD (UTF-8) or &#FFFD;. Additional flags for specifying the document type to use: * ENT_HTML401 - Default. Handles code as HTML 4.01. * ENT_HTML5 - Handles code as HTML 5. * ENT_XML1 - Handles code as XML 1. * ENT_XHTML - Handles code as XHTML. | | _character-set_ | Optional. A string specifying the character set to use. Allowed values: * UTF-8 - Default. ASCII compatible multi-byte 8-bit Unicode * ISO-8859-1 - Western Europe * ISO-8859-15 - Western Europe (adds Euro symbol + French and Finnish letters missing in ISO-8859-1) * cp866 - DOS-specific Cyrillic character set * cp1251 - Windows-specific Cyrillic character set * cp1252 - Windows-specific Western European character set * KOI8-R - Russian * BIG5 - Traditional Chinese, mainly used in Taiwan * GB2312 - Simplified Chinese, national standard character set * BIG5-HKSCS - Big5 with Hong Kong extensions * Shift_JIS - Japanese * EUC-JP - Japanese * MacRoman - Character set used by Mac operating system **Note:** In PHP versions prior to 5.4, unrecognized character sets were ignored and replaced with ISO-8859-1. Since PHP 5.4, unrecognized character sets are ignored and replaced with UTF-8. | | _double\_encode_ | Optional. A boolean value specifying whether to encode existing HTML entities. * TRUE - Default. Will convert every entity. * FALSE - Will not encode existing HTML entities. | ## Technical Details | Return Value: | Returns the converted string. If _string_ contains invalid encoding, returns an empty string unless ENT_IGNORE or ENT_SUBSTITUTE flag is set. | | --- | | PHP Version: | 4+ | | Changelog: | In PHP 5, the default value of _character-set_ parameter was changed to UTF-8. In PHP 5.4, added: ENT_SUBSTITUTE, ENT_DISALLOWED, ENT_HTML401, ENT_HTML5, ENT_XML1, and ENT_XHTML. In PHP 5.3, added ENT_IGNORE. In PHP 5.2.3, added _double\_encode_ parameter. In PHP 4.1, added _character-set_ parameter. | * * * ## More Examples ## Example 1 Convert some characters to HTML entities: "; echo htmlentities($str, ENT_QUOTES); // Converts double and single quotes echo "
"; echo htmlentities($str, ENT_NOQUOTES); // Does not convert any quotes ?> The HTML output of the above code is as follows (view source code): Jane & 'Tarzan'
Jane & 'Tarzan'
Jane & 'Tarzan' The browser output of the above code is as follows: Jane & 'Tarzan' Jane & 'Tarzan' Jane & 'Tarzan' [Run Example »]( ## Example 2 By using the Western European character set, convert some characters to HTML entities: The HTML output of the above code is as follows (view source code): My name is Øyvind Åsane. I'm Norwegian. The browser output of the above code is as follows: My name is Øyvind Åsane. I'm Norwegian. [Run Example »]( * * * [![Image 2: PHP String Reference Manual]( PHP String Reference Manual](